Exploring the History of Linux: A Timeline
Tuesday, 6/4/2024, 6 minutes to read
The Linux story starts in 1991. A Finnish student, Linus Torvalds, wanted a free operating system’s heart. This system now has over 23.3 million lines of source code thanks to Linus’ work. It’s a huge part of our technology world today.
About 2.76% of personal computers use Linux. However, over 90% of the world’s top supercomputers rely on it. It’s also the root of Android, which dominates the mobile market at about 71.85%. Distros like Red Hat, Debian, and Ubuntu have helped spread Linux around. They make it easy to use and more diverse.
Key Takeaways
- Linux development started with Linus Torvalds in 1991.
- Eric S. Raymond described the open-source development model, terming it the „cathedral and the bazaar”.
- Linux’s growth has led to its presence in desktops, supercomputers, and mobile devices through Android.
- By 2018, the Linux kernel version 4.15 included over 23.3 million lines of source code.
- Significant distributions include Red Hat, Debian, and Ubuntu.
Events Leading to the Creation of Linux
The Linux operating system grew from major events and innovation in tech. It includes the Unix system, the GNU Project, MINIX’s influence, and the Intel 386 introduction.
Unix and its Influence
The Unix system launched in 1970 radically changed operating systems. Developed at AT&T Bell Labs by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, Unix was widely portable. It moved to the C language, attracting both academics and businesses.
UC Berkeley’s BSD project in 1977 was also inspired by Unix. However, a legal clash with AT&T slowed BSD’s growth. By 1980, companies like Onyx and Sun were offering Unix workstations, further spreading its reach.
GNU Project and Free Software Movement
Richard Stallman started the GNU Project in 1983 to make a free Unix-like system. He stressed the need for software freedom, leading to the GNU GPL. This ensured software would always be open for collaboration and growth.
The GNU Project’s work meshed with the Linux kernel, embracing the mission for open, free software.
Introduction of MINIX
MINIX, a Unix-like OS, was made for education by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987. While important, its 16-bit and licensing issues held it back. Linus Torvalds was inspired to start Linux to address these obstacles.
Emergence of Intel 386
In 1985, the Intel 80386 came out, a major leap for processors. Its 32-bit design and virtual memory improved computing greatly. This set the stage for Linux, utilizing the processor’s power in 1991.
Linus Torvalds created Linux to blend Unix’s strengths and new software freedoms. The Intel 386’s features were key in developing this successful OS.
| Year | Development | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Unix First Released | Increased Portability and Adoption |
| 1983 | GNU Project Initiated | Introduction of Free Software |
| 1985 | Intel 80386 Processor | Advanced Computing Capabilities |
| 1987 | Release of MINIX | Educational Prototype Inspires Linux |
| 1991 | Linux Kernel Development Begins | Combining Unix Principles and New Hardware |
The Birth and Naming of Linux
Linux was started by Linus Torvalds in 1991 at the University of Helsinki. He made the kernel for his 80386 PC.
Initial Development by Linus Torvalds
At first, Torvalds looked at SunOS and MINIX docs for help. He released version 0.01 with GNU’s Bash shell. It was the beginning of a new era in operating systems.
The Iconic Announcement
Linus announced Linux on the comp.os.minix newsgroup in August 1991. It was just a hobby project for him. Little did he know it would change computing forever.
The Naming Journey
Linus wanted to name his project „Freax”, but his friend called it „Linux”. This name stuck and soon everyone was using it.
Linux Goes Open Source
In 1992, Linux became open source with the GNU GPL license. This meant anyone could use and improve it. This made Linux what it is today.
„I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional…)” – Linus Torvalds, 1991
Check out key moments in Linux’s history:
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1991 | Initial release of Linux kernel by Linus Torvalds |
| 1992 | GNU GPL licensing adopted for Linux kernel |
| 1996 | Introduction of Tux, Linux’s official mascot |
| 2018 | Release of Linux kernel version 4.15 |
From Linus Torvalds’ early ideas to Linux’s success, it all started with a small project. Over time, Linux became a key figure in open source.
Conclusion
In 1991, Linus Torvalds created Linux, which changed both personal and business computing. From being a college project, it became key to many systems worldwide. It now runs over 90% of top supercomputers and around 2.76% of all desktops. The Linux kernel, its core, manages all important system functions. This makes Linux the base of many tech advancements.
Linux plays a major role in the mobile market too. Most mobile devices, about 71.85%, use Android, which is built on Linux. Its reach shows how versatile and strong Linux is. Because it’s open source, anyone can modify and share its code for free. This has led to a big community of developers. They’ve made many different versions, like Ubuntu and Fedora, to meet various needs.
People like Linux because it’s stable and safe, and doesn’t cost much. Recent updates, such as the new Linux 5.11 and Ubuntu 21.04, keep making it better. Linux is also getting more important in cloud computing and virtual machines. Big names like IBM and Amazon use it. This shows how Linux continues to shape the tech world. And its community is working hard to make it even better and more widely used.
FAQ
What is the origin of the Linux kernel?
In 1991, Linus Torvalds started work on the Linux kernel. He was a student from Finland. This free and open-source project quickly grew popular. Now, it powers many devices worldwide.
How did Unix influence the development of Linux?
Unix, coming in 1969, provided the basis for today’s technology. Its ideas and the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) inspired Linux’s creation. Unix was costly, prompting Linus Torvalds to offer a free alternative.
What role did the GNU Project play in Linux’s development?
The GNU Project, led by Richard Stallman, aimed to make a free Unix-like software system. Combining GNU tools with Linux created a complete, free OS. This laid a strong foundation for Linux’s success.
How did Intel’s 80386 microprocessor contribute to Linux’s evolution?
The 80386 microprocessor from Intel was a game-changer. It brought a 32-bit architecture and memory management features. These made personal computers more powerful. Linus Torvalds could then develop Linux on his own computer.
What was MINIX, and how did it influence Linux?
MINIX was created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum as a teaching tool. It was a small, 16-bit OS. Its use inspired Linus Torvalds to build something more open and capable. This led to the birth of Linux.
How was Linux initially announced?
In 1991, Linus Torvalds announced Linux on the comp.os.minix forum. This marked the start of a community effort. People from around the world joined in, eager to help develop Linux further.
How did the naming of Linux come about?
Linus initially called his kernel „Freax.” It was renamed „Linux” by Ari Lemmke. The change was made on the FTP server without Linus’ knowledge. However, the new name was accepted and embraced by Linus Torvalds.
Why did Linux adopt the GNU General Public License?
In 1992, Linus decided to use the GNU GPL for Linux. This move supported the GNU Project’s vision of free software. It also encouraged shared development, making Linux more capable.
What is the impact of Linux on personal and enterprise computing?
Linux has become a key part of computer systems. It’s widely used in personal devices and big company servers. Its reliability, security, and flexibility make it essential in today’s tech world.
How has Linux influenced mobile computing?
The Linux kernel is at the core of Android. It’s behind most phones and tablets. This has played a huge role in the growth of mobile computing.